One of the very first claims to be staked on this property was known as claim-319. The claim was reportedly reported as the Mariposa, and was owned by American capitalists Messrs. W. H. Lewis, and A. B. Blackington. One the great significance of this property was that it was situated at about five miles from Mission. It was one of the very first discoveries in the area that spark interest towards prospecting a gold-bearing quartz vein. This vein reportedly had a strike of northwest-southeast, with an average width of 2.74 m, and had traverse the claims staked. By that time it was recommended to explore the vein by sinking a 2.74 m by 3.35 m shaft to depth of 3.35 m. Most of the work in sinking this shaft was done at a distance of 10.05 m from the vein being explored.
It was not long after in 1903, when the Mariposa Gold Mines was formed to take over these claims. In addition to this take over it was reported that other claims were secured that were registered as J D 1, J D 2, J D 3, and J D 4, which consisted of 120 acres. Most of the work was confined to claim-319 or the Mariposa Claims, and has progress with the continuation of sinking the No. 1 shaft to an inclined depth of 208 feet. The shaft is described to have measured 2.74 m by 3.65 m, and was sunk to the west of vein No. 1. As development progress this resulted in station cutting a level at 30.48 m which was opened up by a crosscut to the east for a length of 36 feet. Most of this had mainly been done in order to strike the vein which was encountered at 7.31 m. Further development work would also be confine to station cutting another level at 60.96 m, and a crosscut would be driven for a length of 8.23 m to the east. Reports had also stated that the shaft for its time had a short collar, and was not properly timbered below this collar. The workings were also being access by a continuous string of ladders that extended to the bottom. These ladders were also considered to have been not in the greatest shape at the time of inspecting mining operations. In some cases it was revealed that the men had made a practice in riding the bucket that was hoisted by a bucket on skids.
As development progress it was also during this time that an engine house was built and had adjoined the shaft. Some of the main installations that were added to the engine house had included 60 H.P., locomotive type boiler, a 5-drill Ingersoll Sargent air-compressor, a double cylinder single drum hoist, cylinders 8 by 10-inches, and a drum that was 4 by 4 feet, and a boiler feed pump No. 2 Northey duplex. At the camp, which was situated at distance of about one-quarter of mile southwest of the shaft, buildings consisting of boarding and bunk houses, office, storehouse, stables, etc. were erected.
By 1924, Cooper Gold Mines, Ltd., had acquired property in McMurray Township, Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. The claims that were stake, and acquired had consisted of the former Minto Gold Property, and 12 claims consisting of the Jubilee-Mariposa Gold Properties. It was during this time period that much of the development work on the Cooper Claims had consisted of surface trenching, and diamond drilling. Other plans were being prepared to be undertaken on the set of claims covering the Mariposa Claim Group that would consist of 1,219.2 m of diamond drilling. Most of the work was generally focus on the Minto group of claims covering the gold prospect in McMurray Township.
It would be in the following year of 1926, that further exploratory work was focus on probing the area in vicinity to the Jubilee-Mariposa claims. The work that was undertaken during this time period had mainly been aimed at completing 410.26 m of diamond drilling. A large amount of development work was carried out on the Minto claim group when the sinking of the No. 2 shaft was being prepared.
Within the year of 1927, the Longbottom property would be later acquired by Pioneer Mining Company. This company would complete a total of three surface holes, totalling 121.92 m, on the south side of Trout Creek.
Parkhill Gold Mines, was officially incorporated in 1929, with an authorized capitalization of 3,000,000 shares of $1 par value. Some of the main directors and officers of the company were Sir. Thomas Tait, as president, F. D. Burpee, as Vice President, Geo. M. McKee, Geo. Glendinning as directors, and G. S. Andrews, as secretary treasurer. It had also been during that year when the company acquired the Longbottom Property from Pioneer Mining Company, consisting of five claims in McMurray Township.
During the year of 1929, major exploration work was carried out on the surface showing. The total estimated strike length was reported to be 487.68 m that was uncovered by ten pits/trenches for 243.84 m. These showings were reported to be so spectacular which a carload of ore with some thirty-tons was shipped to the Noranda Smelter. This gave returns of 3.04 ounces of gold (Au) per/ton which was recovered from the ore. A more detailed sampling would also be carried out on the Longbottom Property that resulted in the following provided in the chart below.
It was not long after in 1903, when the Mariposa Gold Mines was formed to take over these claims. In addition to this take over it was reported that other claims were secured that were registered as J D 1, J D 2, J D 3, and J D 4, which consisted of 120 acres. Most of the work was confined to claim-319 or the Mariposa Claims, and has progress with the continuation of sinking the No. 1 shaft to an inclined depth of 208 feet. The shaft is described to have measured 2.74 m by 3.65 m, and was sunk to the west of vein No. 1. As development progress this resulted in station cutting a level at 30.48 m which was opened up by a crosscut to the east for a length of 36 feet. Most of this had mainly been done in order to strike the vein which was encountered at 7.31 m. Further development work would also be confine to station cutting another level at 60.96 m, and a crosscut would be driven for a length of 8.23 m to the east. Reports had also stated that the shaft for its time had a short collar, and was not properly timbered below this collar. The workings were also being access by a continuous string of ladders that extended to the bottom. These ladders were also considered to have been not in the greatest shape at the time of inspecting mining operations. In some cases it was revealed that the men had made a practice in riding the bucket that was hoisted by a bucket on skids.
As development progress it was also during this time that an engine house was built and had adjoined the shaft. Some of the main installations that were added to the engine house had included 60 H.P., locomotive type boiler, a 5-drill Ingersoll Sargent air-compressor, a double cylinder single drum hoist, cylinders 8 by 10-inches, and a drum that was 4 by 4 feet, and a boiler feed pump No. 2 Northey duplex. At the camp, which was situated at distance of about one-quarter of mile southwest of the shaft, buildings consisting of boarding and bunk houses, office, storehouse, stables, etc. were erected.
By 1924, Cooper Gold Mines, Ltd., had acquired property in McMurray Township, Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. The claims that were stake, and acquired had consisted of the former Minto Gold Property, and 12 claims consisting of the Jubilee-Mariposa Gold Properties. It was during this time period that much of the development work on the Cooper Claims had consisted of surface trenching, and diamond drilling. Other plans were being prepared to be undertaken on the set of claims covering the Mariposa Claim Group that would consist of 1,219.2 m of diamond drilling. Most of the work was generally focus on the Minto group of claims covering the gold prospect in McMurray Township.
It would be in the following year of 1926, that further exploratory work was focus on probing the area in vicinity to the Jubilee-Mariposa claims. The work that was undertaken during this time period had mainly been aimed at completing 410.26 m of diamond drilling. A large amount of development work was carried out on the Minto claim group when the sinking of the No. 2 shaft was being prepared.
Within the year of 1927, the Longbottom property would be later acquired by Pioneer Mining Company. This company would complete a total of three surface holes, totalling 121.92 m, on the south side of Trout Creek.
Parkhill Gold Mines, was officially incorporated in 1929, with an authorized capitalization of 3,000,000 shares of $1 par value. Some of the main directors and officers of the company were Sir. Thomas Tait, as president, F. D. Burpee, as Vice President, Geo. M. McKee, Geo. Glendinning as directors, and G. S. Andrews, as secretary treasurer. It had also been during that year when the company acquired the Longbottom Property from Pioneer Mining Company, consisting of five claims in McMurray Township.
During the year of 1929, major exploration work was carried out on the surface showing. The total estimated strike length was reported to be 487.68 m that was uncovered by ten pits/trenches for 243.84 m. These showings were reported to be so spectacular which a carload of ore with some thirty-tons was shipped to the Noranda Smelter. This gave returns of 3.04 ounces of gold (Au) per/ton which was recovered from the ore. A more detailed sampling would also be carried out on the Longbottom Property that resulted in the following provided in the chart below.
On March 28th, 1930, work was shortly after commenced on the installation of a mining plant, and shaft sinking was started on May 1. By this time the No. 2 shaft was sunk to at an inclination of 79.85 m below the surface, and had measured to be 2.13 m by 2.74 m. New levels would also be station cut on the mine’s 36.57 m and 73.15 m horizons. It was reported that lateral development on the 36.57 m level had amounted to completing 234.39 m of drifting, and 19.20 m of crosscutting. On the 73.15 m level lateral development would consist of 277.67 m of drifting, and 170.68 m of crosscutting.
Surface construction work had resulted in completing the mining plant that consisted of two 320-cubic-foot Ingersoll Rand electric belt-driven compressor, an IR single drum air hoist, an IR drill sharpener, oil furnace, and power-driven grinding wheel. Electrical power had also been obtained through the high-falls plant of the New Algoma District Power Company.
Some of the main surface work that was done on the Longbottom Property had consisted of considerable amount of trenching, stripping, and test pitting. This would also result in the engineering, and development work of a 60-ton milling facility to treat the ore. Reports by Parkhill Gold Mines, had stated that ore occurs within vein which vary greatly in width. Lenses of the ore connected by stringers or separated by barren sections of sheared rock. Within the underground workings there are general zones that are as wide as the drift composed of shattered rock. The rock had reportedly broke up on blasting into angular fragments that were from an inch to a foot in diameter. It was during shaft sinking when one lens of ore was cut within the shaft, and again on the 36.57 m level. Lateral development work would reveal that this lens had been 18.28 m long, and is reported to carry good gold values over a width of 3 feet. One of the widest lens that were seen within the underground workings had consisted of about 1.52 m of solid quartz. Most of the shearing that occurs is considered to occur roughly parallel to the direction the veins being work.
The property is hosted by various rock formations as reported, with the country rock mostly being dioritic in character. A specimen which was taken from the east end of the drift on the 240-foot level is porphyrite, with a thin section of which shows patches of feldspar usually with several crystals in a group and more or less radiating. These feldspars are reportedly altered to zoisite. (Zoisite is generally considered to occur when saussuritization takes place which calcium-bearing plagioclase feldspar is altered to a characteristic assemblage of minerals called saussurite. These include zoisite, chromite, amphibole, and carbonates) - (OntarioExplorations101). Reports from Parkhill had also stated that there is much biotite within zones and patches as if it had been developed by metamorphic processes. It has also been probable that the arrangement of the feldspar crystals is due to the crushing and recrystallization of phenocrysts of feldspar. ( this process as reported is generally done by residual fluids that are present during the late state of magmatic crystallization that can react with previously formed plagioclase feldspar to form saussurite, the saussurite will also be spread through the plagioclase or located near its outer margin. This plagioclase can may be reconstituted in a more sodium rick variety (albite), although the original form of the crystal is retained) – (OntarioExplorations101). Further statements by Parkhill had reported that a considerable quartz has been introduced into the rock by hot solutions. Streaks of greenstone are also reportedly exposed in the diorite that apparently represents remnants of Keewatin Greenstone caught as roof pendants in the intrusion. The area is also prone to several exposures of agglomerate consisting of angular fragments of what appear to be a Keewatin acidic rock.
Quartz veins had been reported to be almost entirely within the dioritic rock, and are generally cut by a number of smaller dikes, which apparently belong to the lamprophyre group. Although in many places these dikes are altered significantly that is particularly impossible to recognized the original rock type.
A pit which is exposed at a distance of 45.72 m east of the shaft is known to contain a dike that’s about 0.61 m wide, and runs parallel to the main vein. Its also reportedly cut by quartz, and generally replaced by that silicate-oxide mineral. The rock in the general area has a very striking blue colour, especially in places where its altered. A thin section which was observed shows that it is fine grained, and contains quartz with carbonate minerals such as iron carb Fe2(CO3)3. Remnants of crushed, and largely replaced phenocrysts of feldspar and considerable strongly pleochroic biotite showing very distinct haloes and blackened patches of melt. The blue color is largely associated with a felty, light blue mineral that’s about the colour of some blue tourmaline, which is common in the regional area. A small sampling programme would also be carried out during the operating year of 1930, and is provided in the chart below.
Surface construction work had resulted in completing the mining plant that consisted of two 320-cubic-foot Ingersoll Rand electric belt-driven compressor, an IR single drum air hoist, an IR drill sharpener, oil furnace, and power-driven grinding wheel. Electrical power had also been obtained through the high-falls plant of the New Algoma District Power Company.
Some of the main surface work that was done on the Longbottom Property had consisted of considerable amount of trenching, stripping, and test pitting. This would also result in the engineering, and development work of a 60-ton milling facility to treat the ore. Reports by Parkhill Gold Mines, had stated that ore occurs within vein which vary greatly in width. Lenses of the ore connected by stringers or separated by barren sections of sheared rock. Within the underground workings there are general zones that are as wide as the drift composed of shattered rock. The rock had reportedly broke up on blasting into angular fragments that were from an inch to a foot in diameter. It was during shaft sinking when one lens of ore was cut within the shaft, and again on the 36.57 m level. Lateral development work would reveal that this lens had been 18.28 m long, and is reported to carry good gold values over a width of 3 feet. One of the widest lens that were seen within the underground workings had consisted of about 1.52 m of solid quartz. Most of the shearing that occurs is considered to occur roughly parallel to the direction the veins being work.
The property is hosted by various rock formations as reported, with the country rock mostly being dioritic in character. A specimen which was taken from the east end of the drift on the 240-foot level is porphyrite, with a thin section of which shows patches of feldspar usually with several crystals in a group and more or less radiating. These feldspars are reportedly altered to zoisite. (Zoisite is generally considered to occur when saussuritization takes place which calcium-bearing plagioclase feldspar is altered to a characteristic assemblage of minerals called saussurite. These include zoisite, chromite, amphibole, and carbonates) - (OntarioExplorations101). Reports from Parkhill had also stated that there is much biotite within zones and patches as if it had been developed by metamorphic processes. It has also been probable that the arrangement of the feldspar crystals is due to the crushing and recrystallization of phenocrysts of feldspar. ( this process as reported is generally done by residual fluids that are present during the late state of magmatic crystallization that can react with previously formed plagioclase feldspar to form saussurite, the saussurite will also be spread through the plagioclase or located near its outer margin. This plagioclase can may be reconstituted in a more sodium rick variety (albite), although the original form of the crystal is retained) – (OntarioExplorations101). Further statements by Parkhill had reported that a considerable quartz has been introduced into the rock by hot solutions. Streaks of greenstone are also reportedly exposed in the diorite that apparently represents remnants of Keewatin Greenstone caught as roof pendants in the intrusion. The area is also prone to several exposures of agglomerate consisting of angular fragments of what appear to be a Keewatin acidic rock.
Quartz veins had been reported to be almost entirely within the dioritic rock, and are generally cut by a number of smaller dikes, which apparently belong to the lamprophyre group. Although in many places these dikes are altered significantly that is particularly impossible to recognized the original rock type.
A pit which is exposed at a distance of 45.72 m east of the shaft is known to contain a dike that’s about 0.61 m wide, and runs parallel to the main vein. Its also reportedly cut by quartz, and generally replaced by that silicate-oxide mineral. The rock in the general area has a very striking blue colour, especially in places where its altered. A thin section which was observed shows that it is fine grained, and contains quartz with carbonate minerals such as iron carb Fe2(CO3)3. Remnants of crushed, and largely replaced phenocrysts of feldspar and considerable strongly pleochroic biotite showing very distinct haloes and blackened patches of melt. The blue color is largely associated with a felty, light blue mineral that’s about the colour of some blue tourmaline, which is common in the regional area. A small sampling programme would also be carried out during the operating year of 1930, and is provided in the chart below.
Progress would also be made in 1931, when the 40° inclined shaft was sunk an additional 42.97 m to a depth of 122.53 m. As sinking continued it was during 1931, when a new level would be stationed at a depth of 109.72 m on the inclination. With development proceeding the total amount of lateral work had amounted to 417.88 m of drifting, 109.11 m of crosscutting, and 3211.98 m of stoping. The amount of development footage on each level is done in the chart below.
On March, 1931, work was confined to constructing the cyanide milling facility to treat the ore with a capacity of 60-tons per day. It was by this time that the mill was completed, and was place into commission on July 10, 1931. Some of the main installations that were made had largely consisted of a jaw crusher, Marcy ball mill, Dorr rake classifier, Wilfley table, four Pachuca tanks, Dorr thickener, clarifier, olive filter, and Crowe vacuum system. The mill is generally arrange so that the capacity can also be increased to 120 tons per/day by the addition of a tube mill. Ore from the mine generally travelled on a belt that was hand sorted in order to increase the grade of the ore before crushing. It was also to the end of this year that a total of 9,082 tons was treated, and the total recovery amounted to 103,432.12 grams of gold (Au), and 6998.28 grams of silver. For the most part the milling facility was generally averaging an average recovery grade of 1.98 oz. Au. per/ton.
More changes would be made when a compressor having a capacity of 720-cubic feet was purchased from the nearby Jubilee Mine, and installed on August. By combining this addition it would also give the Parkhill Mine a total compress capacity of 1,360-cubic feet. This also resulted in completing two new bunk-houses, and a staff-house that would be built. Much of the building which contained the assay office and refinery had burned down, and later would be reconstructed.
One of the very first accidents to take place at the Parkhill Mine had occurred on July 18th, 1932. A mucker by the name of Kenneth Menzies, a British lad, had died at Sault Ste. Marie on August 1st, 1932. The result of this accident was caused by blood poisoning that resulted from the infection from a slight finger cut received from underground while handling rock. It was during this time that Menzies did not report for first aid treatment until the finger became inflamed. As this situation occurred it would be dressed twice daily, and Menzies had continued to work. By July 24, 1932, the inflammation had worsen, and he was ordered to Sault Ste. Marie, 200 miles distant, which was the nearest place that medical attention could be received. The next day prior, Menzies would leaf the mine site by boat on Lake Superior, and had arrived at the Soo the following day on July, 26, 1932. Menzies by this time would report to Dr. J. E. Gimby, and he would be sent to the hospital as he had no where to stay in town. After several days of treatment he was permitted to leave the hospital for several hours to observe a part of the municipal celebration that was being held. On the following day of July, 29, phlebitis had developed in the femoral vein of the left leg, follow by August 1st by septic pneumonia. Dr. A. S. McCaig, who is also a corner for the district, would be later called in for consultation. Menzies would die later that same day, and his passing was attributed to the development of septicaemia, or in other words blood poisoning, from the cut finger. (Rest in peace).
Development at the Parkhill Mine would progress onward as the two-compartment 40° inclined shaft was sunk an additional 60.96 m. As sinking progress it was noted that the No. 2 Parkhill Shaft had reached a total depth of 183.49 m below the surface. New levels during this time would also be establish at depths of 146.30 m, and 182.88 m. Lateral development would also progress from the 36.57 m level to the 182.88 m level. The total amount of lateral development work completed had amounted to 579.73 m of drifting, 41.14 m of crosscutting, and 6,991.19 m of stoping. The total lateral development completed on each level is provided in the chart below.
More changes would be made when a compressor having a capacity of 720-cubic feet was purchased from the nearby Jubilee Mine, and installed on August. By combining this addition it would also give the Parkhill Mine a total compress capacity of 1,360-cubic feet. This also resulted in completing two new bunk-houses, and a staff-house that would be built. Much of the building which contained the assay office and refinery had burned down, and later would be reconstructed.
One of the very first accidents to take place at the Parkhill Mine had occurred on July 18th, 1932. A mucker by the name of Kenneth Menzies, a British lad, had died at Sault Ste. Marie on August 1st, 1932. The result of this accident was caused by blood poisoning that resulted from the infection from a slight finger cut received from underground while handling rock. It was during this time that Menzies did not report for first aid treatment until the finger became inflamed. As this situation occurred it would be dressed twice daily, and Menzies had continued to work. By July 24, 1932, the inflammation had worsen, and he was ordered to Sault Ste. Marie, 200 miles distant, which was the nearest place that medical attention could be received. The next day prior, Menzies would leaf the mine site by boat on Lake Superior, and had arrived at the Soo the following day on July, 26, 1932. Menzies by this time would report to Dr. J. E. Gimby, and he would be sent to the hospital as he had no where to stay in town. After several days of treatment he was permitted to leave the hospital for several hours to observe a part of the municipal celebration that was being held. On the following day of July, 29, phlebitis had developed in the femoral vein of the left leg, follow by August 1st by septic pneumonia. Dr. A. S. McCaig, who is also a corner for the district, would be later called in for consultation. Menzies would die later that same day, and his passing was attributed to the development of septicaemia, or in other words blood poisoning, from the cut finger. (Rest in peace).
Development at the Parkhill Mine would progress onward as the two-compartment 40° inclined shaft was sunk an additional 60.96 m. As sinking progress it was noted that the No. 2 Parkhill Shaft had reached a total depth of 183.49 m below the surface. New levels during this time would also be establish at depths of 146.30 m, and 182.88 m. Lateral development would also progress from the 36.57 m level to the 182.88 m level. The total amount of lateral development work completed had amounted to 579.73 m of drifting, 41.14 m of crosscutting, and 6,991.19 m of stoping. The total lateral development completed on each level is provided in the chart below.
Cyanide milling operations were consistent throughout the operating year of 1932, and had treated a total of 16,822 tons of hand sorted ore. The total recovery from the gold-bearing ore resulted in 220,689.12 grams of gold (Au), and 14,152.09 grams of silver (Ag).
Other replacements would be made when a single drum electric hoist was installed to replace the small air hoist formerly used. Parkhill Gold Mines would also employ a total of 68 men, in which 44 of these employees were place underground. Some of the main managing supervisors who were in charge of operations had included A. R. Lawrence, J. A. S. Roussac, and Wm. T May. E. S Turner had remained as the managing director of operations who had a role in leading the mining project.
Within the year of 1933, the two-compartment 40° inclined shaft would continue to progress when it was sunk an additional 118.87 m below the surface. As sinking continued the two-compartment shaft would bottom out at a depth of 304.36 m. This resulted in establishing new levels that were commonly regarded as the sixth and seventh levels. Lateral development would amount to 786.9 m of drifting, 248.10 m of crosscutting, and 3,522.5 m of stoping. Most of the total lateral development work was generally confined to levels known as the 3rd. 4th, 5th, and 6th levels. More towards the end of 1933, Parkhill Gold Mines would continue the shaft down to a depth of 297.79 m on the inclined. The chart below provides the total development footage completed up to the end of 1933 on all levels.
Other replacements would be made when a single drum electric hoist was installed to replace the small air hoist formerly used. Parkhill Gold Mines would also employ a total of 68 men, in which 44 of these employees were place underground. Some of the main managing supervisors who were in charge of operations had included A. R. Lawrence, J. A. S. Roussac, and Wm. T May. E. S Turner had remained as the managing director of operations who had a role in leading the mining project.
Within the year of 1933, the two-compartment 40° inclined shaft would continue to progress when it was sunk an additional 118.87 m below the surface. As sinking continued the two-compartment shaft would bottom out at a depth of 304.36 m. This resulted in establishing new levels that were commonly regarded as the sixth and seventh levels. Lateral development would amount to 786.9 m of drifting, 248.10 m of crosscutting, and 3,522.5 m of stoping. Most of the total lateral development work was generally confined to levels known as the 3rd. 4th, 5th, and 6th levels. More towards the end of 1933, Parkhill Gold Mines would continue the shaft down to a depth of 297.79 m on the inclined. The chart below provides the total development footage completed up to the end of 1933 on all levels.
During 1933, the cyanide milling facility would be operated for only 234 days, in which had treated a total of 11,565 tons of ore. Other additions to the mill would be added when a tube mill, and a second table were added to the mill circuit to obtain better extraction. It was in the later part of that year, on Sept 25th, 1933, when the mill would once again resume operation. Some more construction work would also follow when first class foundation of concrete were poured for the installation of machinery. The total recoveries from the cyanide treatment of ore had amount to 293,448.24 grams of gold (Au), and 17,697.88 grams of silver.
Other additions which were added had included a 1,200-cubic-foot IR compressor that would replace the two 230-cubic foot units, which were used with a 720-cubic foot unit. It was also within this year that much of the property was under contract management by Canadian Enterprises Ltd.
On the sixth level, raise No. 6504 had been driven through from this level to the 5th mine level. As development proceeded it was reported that this raise was entirely in good ore, and preparations were complete for stoping. Most of this had largely depended on the requirements that were needed to feed the mill. It was during this time period when there was about 700 tons of ore on surface from this development, and about another 200 tons of broken ore in the stopes. During development of the 6th level it was reported that a fault from the 5th to 6th level cuts right through this ore-body. Other statements made by Parkhill Gold Mines had reported that the tonnage would also be reduced from the amount obtained from the same ore-body on the 5th level. Other estimations would also be made when 3,000 tons of rich ore would be recovered from this section. Upon observation it was reported that the fault had left the ore-body below the 6th level, and it was not expected to interfere with its size and tonnage on the 7th level.
A new ore-shoot would also be encountered on the sixth mine level, that was about 51.82 m west of the main ore-body. Development revealed that the new vein had carried downwards from the 5th to the 6th level. It was also explored during this time for about 15.24 m, and it was observed that sections of the quartz veins had varied from 6- to 6 ½ feet in width, running over the whole length from 30 to 78-inches. Other development work would also follow when a raise was started from this section, which maintained gold values. Much of the easterly section had produced values over full stoping width that are provided in the chart below.
Other additions which were added had included a 1,200-cubic-foot IR compressor that would replace the two 230-cubic foot units, which were used with a 720-cubic foot unit. It was also within this year that much of the property was under contract management by Canadian Enterprises Ltd.
On the sixth level, raise No. 6504 had been driven through from this level to the 5th mine level. As development proceeded it was reported that this raise was entirely in good ore, and preparations were complete for stoping. Most of this had largely depended on the requirements that were needed to feed the mill. It was during this time period when there was about 700 tons of ore on surface from this development, and about another 200 tons of broken ore in the stopes. During development of the 6th level it was reported that a fault from the 5th to 6th level cuts right through this ore-body. Other statements made by Parkhill Gold Mines had reported that the tonnage would also be reduced from the amount obtained from the same ore-body on the 5th level. Other estimations would also be made when 3,000 tons of rich ore would be recovered from this section. Upon observation it was reported that the fault had left the ore-body below the 6th level, and it was not expected to interfere with its size and tonnage on the 7th level.
A new ore-shoot would also be encountered on the sixth mine level, that was about 51.82 m west of the main ore-body. Development revealed that the new vein had carried downwards from the 5th to the 6th level. It was also explored during this time for about 15.24 m, and it was observed that sections of the quartz veins had varied from 6- to 6 ½ feet in width, running over the whole length from 30 to 78-inches. Other development work would also follow when a raise was started from this section, which maintained gold values. Much of the easterly section had produced values over full stoping width that are provided in the chart below.
By additionally adding this ore, it would also increase the tonnage considerably ahead of milling operations. On sept. 23rd, the face of the drift was in good ore, and the shoot has every evidence of continuing westward for a considerable distance. These indications would need further follow up to ensure that the distance is reliant, and if there is a fairly large ore-body from the sixth-level to the surface. The area of this ore-body was also not thoroughly explored at the time to give predictions on its continuity. Some of the outcrop exposure along the surface also provide indications of fairly largely ore-body that could exist in the area.
Development on the 7th mining level was advanced by a drift to the west of the shaft that was opened up for a length of approximately 15.24 m. The level to east side of the No. 2 inclined shaft had been opened up for a total length of 9.14 m. Both of these drifts are reportedly in well fractured shearing which contains good looking narrow quartz veins, but up to the date mentioned, commercial ore had not been encountered for the time being. It was also hardly to expect this as no ore was found within the same section on the upper level. Lateral development work would also proceed onward at a rapid pace in order to get under the known ore-bodies found on levels above. This resulted in taking out short horizontal diamond drill holes that were being driven north and south in order to determine whether or not parallel veins exist of this level.
An important high-grade gold bearing vein was discovered on the surface at a distance of 274.32 m east of the No.2 Shaft. One of these veins was reportedly stated to have a true width varying from 2 to 6 feet. This vein had also been traced for a length east-west of about 60.96 m. Free gold in liberal quantities is known to commonly exist which is apparent for most of its entire length. The quartz is describe to be of excellent character, and is indicative of high-grade that’s found within the underground workings. It was quite possible that this surface outcrop had carried downwards as in most cases in other high-grade surface outcrops. More follow statements from Parkhill Gold Mines reported that there is substantial amount of ore tonnage that can be looked for in developing this vein on the 304.8 m level.
Development on the 7th mining level was advanced by a drift to the west of the shaft that was opened up for a length of approximately 15.24 m. The level to east side of the No. 2 inclined shaft had been opened up for a total length of 9.14 m. Both of these drifts are reportedly in well fractured shearing which contains good looking narrow quartz veins, but up to the date mentioned, commercial ore had not been encountered for the time being. It was also hardly to expect this as no ore was found within the same section on the upper level. Lateral development work would also proceed onward at a rapid pace in order to get under the known ore-bodies found on levels above. This resulted in taking out short horizontal diamond drill holes that were being driven north and south in order to determine whether or not parallel veins exist of this level.
An important high-grade gold bearing vein was discovered on the surface at a distance of 274.32 m east of the No.2 Shaft. One of these veins was reportedly stated to have a true width varying from 2 to 6 feet. This vein had also been traced for a length east-west of about 60.96 m. Free gold in liberal quantities is known to commonly exist which is apparent for most of its entire length. The quartz is describe to be of excellent character, and is indicative of high-grade that’s found within the underground workings. It was quite possible that this surface outcrop had carried downwards as in most cases in other high-grade surface outcrops. More follow statements from Parkhill Gold Mines reported that there is substantial amount of ore tonnage that can be looked for in developing this vein on the 304.8 m level.
At one point in time the hoist house had contained several machinery that provide efficient hoisting. Some of the main machinery that was added had included one Ingersoll Rand double-drum hoist, driven by a 125 H.P. electric motor. The hoisting capacity was achieved at 100 tons of ore for a 12 hour shift, and would be capable of hoisting down to a depth of 3,000 feet.
The main compressor house had also contained one Ingersoll Rand 2-place air compressor, “16 x 10” x 12”, driven by a 100 H.P. electric motor. It would also contain one Canadian Ingersoll Rand 2-stage air compressor, being 18” x 11” x 14”, which was driven by a 200 H.P., electric motor. Both of these compressors had contributed in providing an air capacity of 1,765 cubic feet per minute. It was in addition to these machines that there were all the instruments and accessories as switch panel with safety switches, circuits, breakers, etc.
At the Crusher House, it was known to commonly contain a 9” by 21” Telesmith Jaw Crusher, which was connected with the mill building by a 13’ rubber belt conveyor.
The Mill is described to be a straight cyanide mill, with the capacity of 80 tons per/day. It contains all the machinery and apparatus that’s required by good milling practices. One of the main items of the mil was a Marcy Ball Mill which was driven by a 125 H.P. electrical motor. Some of the other components included a Dorr Classifier, four Pachuca tanks, a 30’ by 12” Dorr Tray Thickener, Classifier Tank, precipitation tank, one Oliver filter, and two Wilfley Tables. In addition to this, the mill was also equipped with all the accessories as to motors, pumps, compressor, etc.
The Machine Shop was commonly known to contain a power hacksaw, 20” x 16’ bad engine lathe, a pipe threading machine, a welding and cutting outfit, a No.1-1/2 universal milling machine, a single head radial drill, and a double engine grinder.
One of the most important structures at the Parkhill Gold Mine was the Assay House, and Refinery. It was well equipped with a Rockwell Refinery, which had its own blast furnace, an assay furnace, and accessories i.e. Cupel machiner, pulveriser, etc.
One of the last important structures was the Pump House that was equipped with two pumps. One of these pumps was 300 E.P.M. Centrifugal Pump driven by a 10 H.P. electrical motor. The other pump that was added has a capacity of 2500 E.P.M. and would be driven by a 60 H.P., electrical motor. It was also reported that this pump would be equipped with a stand by engine of 75 H.P. The small pump had been currently aimed at supplying the mil, and the compressors. It was the much larger one that would supply the water tank of the sprinkler system. The main buildings included the mill, warehouse, hoist and compressor house, and assay office that were equipped with automatic sprinklers as protection against fires.
The main compressor house had also contained one Ingersoll Rand 2-place air compressor, “16 x 10” x 12”, driven by a 100 H.P. electric motor. It would also contain one Canadian Ingersoll Rand 2-stage air compressor, being 18” x 11” x 14”, which was driven by a 200 H.P., electric motor. Both of these compressors had contributed in providing an air capacity of 1,765 cubic feet per minute. It was in addition to these machines that there were all the instruments and accessories as switch panel with safety switches, circuits, breakers, etc.
At the Crusher House, it was known to commonly contain a 9” by 21” Telesmith Jaw Crusher, which was connected with the mill building by a 13’ rubber belt conveyor.
The Mill is described to be a straight cyanide mill, with the capacity of 80 tons per/day. It contains all the machinery and apparatus that’s required by good milling practices. One of the main items of the mil was a Marcy Ball Mill which was driven by a 125 H.P. electrical motor. Some of the other components included a Dorr Classifier, four Pachuca tanks, a 30’ by 12” Dorr Tray Thickener, Classifier Tank, precipitation tank, one Oliver filter, and two Wilfley Tables. In addition to this, the mill was also equipped with all the accessories as to motors, pumps, compressor, etc.
The Machine Shop was commonly known to contain a power hacksaw, 20” x 16’ bad engine lathe, a pipe threading machine, a welding and cutting outfit, a No.1-1/2 universal milling machine, a single head radial drill, and a double engine grinder.
One of the most important structures at the Parkhill Gold Mine was the Assay House, and Refinery. It was well equipped with a Rockwell Refinery, which had its own blast furnace, an assay furnace, and accessories i.e. Cupel machiner, pulveriser, etc.
One of the last important structures was the Pump House that was equipped with two pumps. One of these pumps was 300 E.P.M. Centrifugal Pump driven by a 10 H.P. electrical motor. The other pump that was added has a capacity of 2500 E.P.M. and would be driven by a 60 H.P., electrical motor. It was also reported that this pump would be equipped with a stand by engine of 75 H.P. The small pump had been currently aimed at supplying the mil, and the compressors. It was the much larger one that would supply the water tank of the sprinkler system. The main buildings included the mill, warehouse, hoist and compressor house, and assay office that were equipped with automatic sprinklers as protection against fires.
By the following year of 1934, Parkhill continue to operate its gold mining project in McMurray Township, Algoma District. It was during this time period that the sinking of the No. 2 shaft was continued to an additional 84.12 m, and to a depth of 381.91 m below the shaft collar. By completing this development work it would result in station cutting to new levels on the mine’s 304.8 m horizon, and 365.76 m horizon. Lateral development would also follow as the total development footage for that year had amounted to 1,132.33 m of drifting, 200.56 m of crosscutting, and 335.59 m of stoping. Most of the stoping operations for the year ending in 1934, was mainly done by open-stoping methods from the 3rd to the 8th levels, with a large amount of production coming from the 7th’and 8th levels. The total development footage completed on each level is provided in the chart below.
Production at the Parkhill Gold Mine would steadily increase as the mill would treat 19,455 tons of ore in 1934. It would be estimated that a total of 15,170 tons was taken from stoping while the balance came from underground development. Stoping operations were being confined open-stoping methods on all levels from the 3rd to 8th. Some of the most productive stopes were being place into production on the mines 304.80 m and 335.59 m level. The total recoveries from the mill had amounted to 279,427.73 grams of gold (Au), and 12,659.11 grams of silver (Ag).
Much of the vein system at Parkhill is describe to be one vein with a strike north-northwest and four veins with an east-north-easterly strike. Only three of these veins had been recognized on the surface, which are the No. 1, and No. 2 veins, and the so called Mill vein. An outcrop on the property is described to correspond to the No. 1 vein that was discover during the excavation work for the crusher house. The north-south or No. 4 vein had not been found to extend above the 5th level at a depth of 182.80 m. It was probable to note that the No. 4 veins barren shear zone extends to the surface. An interpretation of the vein system was made in regards to studies that were based on underground conditions, various mine maps, and reports. Other problems relied due to the lack of stoping, and raising connecting between the eight, seventh, and sixth level horizons. Even more statements had reported that there is conclusive evidence which shows that the so called Zero Shear is the downward extension of the No. 1 vein.
Most of the east-west striking veins at Parkhill are considered to form a system converging towards the west. In this section the No. 1 vein appears to be the most persistent structure while the other veins are headed to join the No. 1 vein but disappear in the western part of the mine.
Some of the most important gold bearing structures are shear zones that form a rock of surprising compactness. In places where no quartz bodies are present the shear zones are indicative by insignificant looking streaks of carbonate or mica (Iron carb) A parallel orientation of most of the iron carbonate favors parting of the sheared rock parallel to the strike of the zone. In many reasons, prospectors and miners had referred this shear zone as schist. The reason for this was mainly due to the differential weathering, and the resemblance of the shear zones to schist layers. These auriferous shear zones are not generally confined to certain rock formation. The Algoman plutonic rocks and the older complex are traversed alike.
It’s the formation of these veins at Parkhill that were accompanied by a more or less intrusive alteration of the wall rock. A considerable amount of sulphides, alteration products such as biotite, chlorite, sericite, and black tourmaline are known to occur. In some cases albite, epidote, olinozoisite, and rutile are visible under a microscope. Much of the lateral extent of the hydrothermal alteration generally coincides with the width of the shear zones. In some cases its reported that the effects of hydrothermal processes are also evident in such places where the shear zones do not contain any quartz. The impregnation of the wall rock of the Parkhill veins with auriferous sulphides is only slight and generally of no economic importance. Near rich ore-shoots, the county rock may be sufficiently mineralized to increase the width of the workable ore. Some of the main sulphides that are contained within the ore are known to include pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite. Further statements report that quartz, ankerite, calcite, tourmaline, and pale-green actinolite constitute the gouge minerals. Quartz of the Parkhill veins are generally consider to display a medium-fine grained sugary quartz which stands in marked contrast to the coarsely crystalline quartz of most barren veins on the property. Its within well mineralized sections that the quartz is reported to grade into a bluish grey colour with a greasy luster.
The precious metals at Parkhill are known to occur as free milling gold which indicates all microscopically visible gold, as well as particles of microscopic size, that after sufficient grinding of the ore can be extracted by amalgamation. Gold which is extremely finely distributed is generally contained within the sulphides. The size of these particles are so minute that they remain invincible even under the highest magnification for this time period. In most cases free gold is considered to occur as flakes, leaflets, and irregular grains that may exceed pea-size. Some of the smallest particles are extremely fine size and measure only fractions of one micron.
Gold veins are also reportedly confined to sections of the shear zone in which contain quartz bodies. Single quartz lenses are considered to show much more higher gold tenor than others. Some of the workable vein portions or ore-shoots generally have irregular outlines that display a remarkable persistence along their vertical extent. Some of the main ore-shoots within the mine are known to form continuous columnar shaped bodies which extend from the third level to the eight level.
During the operating year of 1935, the Parkhill Gold Mine was in steady operation throughout the year. Even more changes would be made when the company would decided to continue the sinking of the two-compartment, No. 2 inclined shaft. It was towards the end of that year that much progress would be met as the shaft was continued an additional 60.05 m, and would reach a depth of 457.2 m. Progress was made towards station cutting levels on the 405.99 m and 441.96 m horizons of the inclined shaft. Total development footage within the mine workings would also amount to completing 1411.22 m of drifting, 145.08 m of crosscutting, and 319.73 m of stoping during the year. The total lateral development which was completed on all levels is provided in the chart below.
Much of the vein system at Parkhill is describe to be one vein with a strike north-northwest and four veins with an east-north-easterly strike. Only three of these veins had been recognized on the surface, which are the No. 1, and No. 2 veins, and the so called Mill vein. An outcrop on the property is described to correspond to the No. 1 vein that was discover during the excavation work for the crusher house. The north-south or No. 4 vein had not been found to extend above the 5th level at a depth of 182.80 m. It was probable to note that the No. 4 veins barren shear zone extends to the surface. An interpretation of the vein system was made in regards to studies that were based on underground conditions, various mine maps, and reports. Other problems relied due to the lack of stoping, and raising connecting between the eight, seventh, and sixth level horizons. Even more statements had reported that there is conclusive evidence which shows that the so called Zero Shear is the downward extension of the No. 1 vein.
Most of the east-west striking veins at Parkhill are considered to form a system converging towards the west. In this section the No. 1 vein appears to be the most persistent structure while the other veins are headed to join the No. 1 vein but disappear in the western part of the mine.
Some of the most important gold bearing structures are shear zones that form a rock of surprising compactness. In places where no quartz bodies are present the shear zones are indicative by insignificant looking streaks of carbonate or mica (Iron carb) A parallel orientation of most of the iron carbonate favors parting of the sheared rock parallel to the strike of the zone. In many reasons, prospectors and miners had referred this shear zone as schist. The reason for this was mainly due to the differential weathering, and the resemblance of the shear zones to schist layers. These auriferous shear zones are not generally confined to certain rock formation. The Algoman plutonic rocks and the older complex are traversed alike.
It’s the formation of these veins at Parkhill that were accompanied by a more or less intrusive alteration of the wall rock. A considerable amount of sulphides, alteration products such as biotite, chlorite, sericite, and black tourmaline are known to occur. In some cases albite, epidote, olinozoisite, and rutile are visible under a microscope. Much of the lateral extent of the hydrothermal alteration generally coincides with the width of the shear zones. In some cases its reported that the effects of hydrothermal processes are also evident in such places where the shear zones do not contain any quartz. The impregnation of the wall rock of the Parkhill veins with auriferous sulphides is only slight and generally of no economic importance. Near rich ore-shoots, the county rock may be sufficiently mineralized to increase the width of the workable ore. Some of the main sulphides that are contained within the ore are known to include pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite. Further statements report that quartz, ankerite, calcite, tourmaline, and pale-green actinolite constitute the gouge minerals. Quartz of the Parkhill veins are generally consider to display a medium-fine grained sugary quartz which stands in marked contrast to the coarsely crystalline quartz of most barren veins on the property. Its within well mineralized sections that the quartz is reported to grade into a bluish grey colour with a greasy luster.
The precious metals at Parkhill are known to occur as free milling gold which indicates all microscopically visible gold, as well as particles of microscopic size, that after sufficient grinding of the ore can be extracted by amalgamation. Gold which is extremely finely distributed is generally contained within the sulphides. The size of these particles are so minute that they remain invincible even under the highest magnification for this time period. In most cases free gold is considered to occur as flakes, leaflets, and irregular grains that may exceed pea-size. Some of the smallest particles are extremely fine size and measure only fractions of one micron.
Gold veins are also reportedly confined to sections of the shear zone in which contain quartz bodies. Single quartz lenses are considered to show much more higher gold tenor than others. Some of the workable vein portions or ore-shoots generally have irregular outlines that display a remarkable persistence along their vertical extent. Some of the main ore-shoots within the mine are known to form continuous columnar shaped bodies which extend from the third level to the eight level.
During the operating year of 1935, the Parkhill Gold Mine was in steady operation throughout the year. Even more changes would be made when the company would decided to continue the sinking of the two-compartment, No. 2 inclined shaft. It was towards the end of that year that much progress would be met as the shaft was continued an additional 60.05 m, and would reach a depth of 457.2 m. Progress was made towards station cutting levels on the 405.99 m and 441.96 m horizons of the inclined shaft. Total development footage within the mine workings would also amount to completing 1411.22 m of drifting, 145.08 m of crosscutting, and 319.73 m of stoping during the year. The total lateral development which was completed on all levels is provided in the chart below.
From all development and stoping operations the Parkhill Gold Mine would obtained 20.714 tonnes of ore. It was of this tonnage that nearly 17,420 tons was taken from stopes, while the balance was obtained through development. Stoping operations which were done from the underground workings had resulted in open-stope methods. All production was largely obtained from 2nd level down to the 10th level, and nearly half of the stope production came from the 8th, and 9th levels of the No. 2 shaft. Milling for the time being was treating ore between an average of 0.67 oz. of gold (Au) to 0.96 oz. of gold (Au) per ton. From all production a total of 299,176.88 grams of gold (Au) and 4331.47 grams of silver (Ag).
By 1935, the Parkhill Gold Mine was among the largest producer in the Wawa area, and was getting rapidly ready to get into favourable position regarding ore-reserves. The mine for the most part was considerably handicapped during its earlier stages due to the fact that a mill was erected before it was justified by mine development. Other problems had relied on the immediate need of ore for the milling operation, that resulted in confining operations downwards in following the main ore-shoot at a rapid rate. Lateral development work eventually discovered a new ore-shoot to the east of the shaft on the 405.99 m level. The result of this discovery led to the opening of the 10th level within the new mine section. By doing this development work it was determined to be pretty smart as most of the mill feed for the past year was taken from this section. Upon observation and development work it was indicative that this new ore-shoot is known to extend from above the 335.59 m level to at least the 441.96 m level. It was uncertain at the time if the new ore-shoot had indeed extended to even greater depths below the 441.96 m level. Several other ore-shoots were also discovered and had been picked up until further to the east, and was shortly deemed an important section of the Parkhill Gold Mine.
Further search for more ore-shoots was undertaken in which another one had been located between the shaft and the main western system. It was determined that this ore-shoot was discovered on the 8th level and had appeared to apex a short distance above this level. As development proceeded a new ore-shoot was also located on the ninth level, and had followed downwards for a short distance above the 10th level. Observations would additionally be made when it appeared that the ore-shoot was faulted. Diamond drilling from the tenth level had additionally picked up the downward continuation of this ore-shoot, and at the eleventh level it had been driven westward to open it up.
Another fairly important ore zone was considered the north-south or No. 4 vein. This section had largely comprised of extensive shearing that was some thirty feet in width. At several points along this shearing it was reported that commercial lenses were pick up. Ore is also considered to occur northward along this zone and that the southern end has not been as productive. As the shaft dips to the south, it’s carried further and further away from the productive zone on the No. 4 vein as deeper levels are reached. Therefore in the lower sections of the mine, no work has been done to explore this zone, but it offers intriguing possibilities. Further plans would also be made towards investigating this area as other development would be in progress. The main ore-zone is known to be carried downward through the whole operation, and ends at the 8th level. Upon observation it was indicated that this zone rakes westerly, and with the discovery of the zone east of the shaft on the ninth and tenth, no work was done on it. These new indications revealed that the east side of the shaft had offered sufficient ore which was in proximity to it. Most of the mining operation were however, confined to the westerly section as the ore-zone was traced to a distance of a dyke which cuts the vein in vicinity to the ninth level.
At the tenth level, the drive was being advanced in order to continue through this dike, and there is every likelihood that the vein will be once again picked up to the west. Diamond drilling that was undertaken would also indicated the presence of parallel veins that need more investigating. The lowest workings of the mine were now reaching considerable depths of nearly 533.4 m below the surface. It would also be at this point in time that the lowest working level of the Parkhill No. 2 Shaft was the 441.96 m level. One of the oldest theories for the time were that these veins had not reach significant depth, and would prove to be exploted as they continue to greater depths at Parkhill.
One of the most promising veins would be pick up through development that was commonly referred as the Sunrise Vein. Much of the vein was in parts considered to be worked from underground, and would reach the Michipicoten Gold Mine Boundary. Samples that were taken of this vein had reportedly 0.45 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton for a width of 24”, and 1.11 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton over 32”. Another bulk sample of that was taken from the same vein material had returned 0.91 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton, 5.48 oz. of gold (Au), 0.52 oz. of gold (Au), 3.15 oz. of gold (Au), and 0.25 oz. of gold (Au).
With the year of 1936, the two-compartment, inclined, No. 2 Shaft would be sunk to an additional 88.39 m, and would bottom out at depth of 545.59 m. Other plans were aimed at station cutting new levels that were opened up on the 489.20 m, and 534.01 m horizons. It would also be at this time that lateral development had continued onward from the 8th to the 13th level. As development proceed changes would also be made when three-compartments were carried out below the 9th level at 335.59 m. This would also involve other major changes when extra compartments would be used for stage hoisting below the 441.96 m level. Even more installations would continue when a 7- by 6-inch Ingersoll Rand air hoist would be installed in the underground working for this purpose.
It was also to date since the commencement of mining in 1931, that a total of 1,494,211.03 grams of gold (Au), and 80,433.59 grams of silver (Ag) were recovered. Much of the No. 2 shaft at its uppermost section is considered to follow the main vein and continues in the hanging wall of the original vein to an inclined depth of 533.4 m. By 1936, a total of thirteen levels would be established, with the deepest one being at a vertical depth of 350.52 m. A total of four veins are reportedly stated to have been worked with the strike being N. 60 E. to the east. One of these veins is commonly considered to have an approximate strike of N. 20 W. The dip of the veins also vary from 30 to 60 d, with the average being 45 d. Only three of these veins are located on the surface, while the other two being discovered during underground. Its also the “North-south Vein” which are not generally found to extend above the 5th level, although its barren shear zone seems to continue towards the surface.
Some of the other veins included the “East-west Vein” that forms a system converging towards the west. The No. 1 vein, on which the shaft was started, appears to be the most persistent, and the other veins are headed to join the No. 1 vein and disappear in the western part of the mine. Its also similar to note that the “East-west veins” are considered to converge downward, as only two of them have definitely been recognized within the deep levels. Its closer to the “North-south vein” that the “East-West vein” shows a slight deflection, which was most likely caused by a late fault zone accompanying the “North-south vein” in the hanging wall. These veins generally consist of lenticular quartz bodies, which occur along shear zones. Much of the horizontal extent of the quartz lenses varies greatly and in some places can reach 38.10 m. Its also the width of the quartz that averages a little over 2-feet, and has a maximum width of 6-feet. A total of three major ore zones are known to occur along the east-west vein system and one ore-shoot on the north-south vein. The axe of the ore zone is known to pitch at an angle of about 60 d to the right of an observer looking down the dip of the vein. Stopes that are set out on the “East-west Vein” take toward the west and those on the “North-south Vein” to the south. As compared with their relative short horizontal length, nearly all the ore-shoots were followed from the 3rd level downward to the 9th level, where it was found to be cut off by a wide diabase dike. Much of the mineralization of veins are chiefly considered to essentially consist of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and gold. Generally the quartz is also considered to carry very little visible gold. Pockets containing spiracular aggregates of coarse gold have been found occasionally, and some of them are said to have yield more than 400 ounces of gold. The total lateral development footage completed on each level is provided in the chart below.
By 1935, the Parkhill Gold Mine was among the largest producer in the Wawa area, and was getting rapidly ready to get into favourable position regarding ore-reserves. The mine for the most part was considerably handicapped during its earlier stages due to the fact that a mill was erected before it was justified by mine development. Other problems had relied on the immediate need of ore for the milling operation, that resulted in confining operations downwards in following the main ore-shoot at a rapid rate. Lateral development work eventually discovered a new ore-shoot to the east of the shaft on the 405.99 m level. The result of this discovery led to the opening of the 10th level within the new mine section. By doing this development work it was determined to be pretty smart as most of the mill feed for the past year was taken from this section. Upon observation and development work it was indicative that this new ore-shoot is known to extend from above the 335.59 m level to at least the 441.96 m level. It was uncertain at the time if the new ore-shoot had indeed extended to even greater depths below the 441.96 m level. Several other ore-shoots were also discovered and had been picked up until further to the east, and was shortly deemed an important section of the Parkhill Gold Mine.
Further search for more ore-shoots was undertaken in which another one had been located between the shaft and the main western system. It was determined that this ore-shoot was discovered on the 8th level and had appeared to apex a short distance above this level. As development proceeded a new ore-shoot was also located on the ninth level, and had followed downwards for a short distance above the 10th level. Observations would additionally be made when it appeared that the ore-shoot was faulted. Diamond drilling from the tenth level had additionally picked up the downward continuation of this ore-shoot, and at the eleventh level it had been driven westward to open it up.
Another fairly important ore zone was considered the north-south or No. 4 vein. This section had largely comprised of extensive shearing that was some thirty feet in width. At several points along this shearing it was reported that commercial lenses were pick up. Ore is also considered to occur northward along this zone and that the southern end has not been as productive. As the shaft dips to the south, it’s carried further and further away from the productive zone on the No. 4 vein as deeper levels are reached. Therefore in the lower sections of the mine, no work has been done to explore this zone, but it offers intriguing possibilities. Further plans would also be made towards investigating this area as other development would be in progress. The main ore-zone is known to be carried downward through the whole operation, and ends at the 8th level. Upon observation it was indicated that this zone rakes westerly, and with the discovery of the zone east of the shaft on the ninth and tenth, no work was done on it. These new indications revealed that the east side of the shaft had offered sufficient ore which was in proximity to it. Most of the mining operation were however, confined to the westerly section as the ore-zone was traced to a distance of a dyke which cuts the vein in vicinity to the ninth level.
At the tenth level, the drive was being advanced in order to continue through this dike, and there is every likelihood that the vein will be once again picked up to the west. Diamond drilling that was undertaken would also indicated the presence of parallel veins that need more investigating. The lowest workings of the mine were now reaching considerable depths of nearly 533.4 m below the surface. It would also be at this point in time that the lowest working level of the Parkhill No. 2 Shaft was the 441.96 m level. One of the oldest theories for the time were that these veins had not reach significant depth, and would prove to be exploted as they continue to greater depths at Parkhill.
One of the most promising veins would be pick up through development that was commonly referred as the Sunrise Vein. Much of the vein was in parts considered to be worked from underground, and would reach the Michipicoten Gold Mine Boundary. Samples that were taken of this vein had reportedly 0.45 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton for a width of 24”, and 1.11 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton over 32”. Another bulk sample of that was taken from the same vein material had returned 0.91 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton, 5.48 oz. of gold (Au), 0.52 oz. of gold (Au), 3.15 oz. of gold (Au), and 0.25 oz. of gold (Au).
With the year of 1936, the two-compartment, inclined, No. 2 Shaft would be sunk to an additional 88.39 m, and would bottom out at depth of 545.59 m. Other plans were aimed at station cutting new levels that were opened up on the 489.20 m, and 534.01 m horizons. It would also be at this time that lateral development had continued onward from the 8th to the 13th level. As development proceed changes would also be made when three-compartments were carried out below the 9th level at 335.59 m. This would also involve other major changes when extra compartments would be used for stage hoisting below the 441.96 m level. Even more installations would continue when a 7- by 6-inch Ingersoll Rand air hoist would be installed in the underground working for this purpose.
It was also to date since the commencement of mining in 1931, that a total of 1,494,211.03 grams of gold (Au), and 80,433.59 grams of silver (Ag) were recovered. Much of the No. 2 shaft at its uppermost section is considered to follow the main vein and continues in the hanging wall of the original vein to an inclined depth of 533.4 m. By 1936, a total of thirteen levels would be established, with the deepest one being at a vertical depth of 350.52 m. A total of four veins are reportedly stated to have been worked with the strike being N. 60 E. to the east. One of these veins is commonly considered to have an approximate strike of N. 20 W. The dip of the veins also vary from 30 to 60 d, with the average being 45 d. Only three of these veins are located on the surface, while the other two being discovered during underground. Its also the “North-south Vein” which are not generally found to extend above the 5th level, although its barren shear zone seems to continue towards the surface.
Some of the other veins included the “East-west Vein” that forms a system converging towards the west. The No. 1 vein, on which the shaft was started, appears to be the most persistent, and the other veins are headed to join the No. 1 vein and disappear in the western part of the mine. Its also similar to note that the “East-west veins” are considered to converge downward, as only two of them have definitely been recognized within the deep levels. Its closer to the “North-south vein” that the “East-West vein” shows a slight deflection, which was most likely caused by a late fault zone accompanying the “North-south vein” in the hanging wall. These veins generally consist of lenticular quartz bodies, which occur along shear zones. Much of the horizontal extent of the quartz lenses varies greatly and in some places can reach 38.10 m. Its also the width of the quartz that averages a little over 2-feet, and has a maximum width of 6-feet. A total of three major ore zones are known to occur along the east-west vein system and one ore-shoot on the north-south vein. The axe of the ore zone is known to pitch at an angle of about 60 d to the right of an observer looking down the dip of the vein. Stopes that are set out on the “East-west Vein” take toward the west and those on the “North-south Vein” to the south. As compared with their relative short horizontal length, nearly all the ore-shoots were followed from the 3rd level downward to the 9th level, where it was found to be cut off by a wide diabase dike. Much of the mineralization of veins are chiefly considered to essentially consist of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and gold. Generally the quartz is also considered to carry very little visible gold. Pockets containing spiracular aggregates of coarse gold have been found occasionally, and some of them are said to have yield more than 400 ounces of gold. The total lateral development footage completed on each level is provided in the chart below.
The total amount of ore that was treated during the operating year of 1936, resulted in 22.943 tons of ore. A total of 21,080 tons of ore was largely taking from stoping operations while the rest was from development. Other major changes were made when the production was upped to 100-tons, and made into an amalgamation cyanide mill. The large amount of ore was mainly being taken out by open-stope methods that were confined from the 8th to the 12th levels. Over half of the production had largely came from the 10th and 11th levels. Amalgamation milling operations during the year would recover 293,615.57 grams of gold (Au), and 4,214.83 grams of silver (Ag).
Mining operations continued throughout the operating year of 1937, as Parkhill Gold Mines continued to work its project. It was during that time when the No. 2, inclined shaft would be sunk an additional 37.19 m, and continued to a depth of 582.78 m. By progressing with this development work it was advice to station cut a level on the mines 572.11 m horizon. This would be followed by progressive lateral development work that amounted to 848.87 m of drifting, 95.71 m of crosscutting, and 318.52 m of stoping. The following chart below provides the total development footage completed on each mine level.
Mining operations continued throughout the operating year of 1937, as Parkhill Gold Mines continued to work its project. It was during that time when the No. 2, inclined shaft would be sunk an additional 37.19 m, and continued to a depth of 582.78 m. By progressing with this development work it was advice to station cut a level on the mines 572.11 m horizon. This would be followed by progressive lateral development work that amounted to 848.87 m of drifting, 95.71 m of crosscutting, and 318.52 m of stoping. The following chart below provides the total development footage completed on each mine level.
Milling operations would be continued throughout the operating year of 1937, in which 25,524 tons of ore was treated at a daily rate of 100 tons. Almost entirely it was reported that 21,457 tons was mainly taken from stoping and the balance was obtained from development. Stoping operations were continued by open stope methods from the 8th to the 14th level of the No. 2 Shaft. Nearly half of the total stope production would also be taken from the 11th and 12th levels. Diamond drilling that was done had also amounted to completing 3,182 feet of drilling from underground. Some of the other changes that were made had included the installation of a 48- by 36-inch Ingersoll Rand double drum electric hoist which was used to eliminate two-stage hoisting within the shaft.
Development work that was done on the 14th level of the Parkhill Gold Mine had opened up new possibilities. The general opening of the 14th level had proven the extent of the ore at that horizon after it had been opened up into lean zone that was encountered below the 12th level. This new ore is described to have occurred in two new ore-shoots totalling a length of 24.38 m. As development proceeded it was strongly reported that this ore zone had apex a short distance above the 14th level. By developing this area it had indicated some of the best tonnage and would require to deepen the shaft workings in order to open up the 15th and 16th levels. On the 14th level to the west of the shaft most of production obtained had came from Stope 14-228, that’s on the first 40 feet of ore length. On that level, it was proposed that the average width of gold is 3 feet, and contains an average grade of 2.40 oz. of gold per/ton. On the 13th level, interesting values were obtained across narrow widths with high-grade sections of 4.77 oz. of gold (Au). For the most part, predictions were made that this could possibly be the beginning of ore below the 12th level where considerably high-grade ore occurred.
One of the mining officials of this mine had also reported that a 40-foot length of this ore occurs in the new vein structures. These structures are located at about 25 feet to the south or in the hanging wall of the main shearing. In this area its reported that there is an abundance of quartz within this shear, and some contain erratically high assays, which free gold has been encounter where the vein does not make ore for the time being. These indications had predicted that all of this ground is favourable to the deposition of gold bearing ore.
On 12th level, at a depth of 489.20 m, a porphyry formation had occurred to the east of the shaft. It was also believed that this had presented even more favourable ground than was anticipated for this region. Shearing in the area is also well defined and country rock is fairly well mineralized. This formation is also quite similar to that in which commercial ore was found at the Smith Mine, which lies to the east of Parkhill. None of the levels were also developed within this region above the 12th, and should encounter ore here that could be quickly developed up to the seventh level, before encountering the Smith Boundary Line. Some attention should also be paid to the No. 4 vein below the 12th level where it intersects the main east-west vein below the Eastern Ore Zone. This northwest-southeast vein had jade ore under similar conditions on the 7th and 8th levels. This vein system is also predicted that it could be rapidly developed from the 13th, and 14th levels at depths of 534.01 m and 572.11 m horizons. It was also indicated that the increasing depth had played an important roll towards an increase in the ore-body size, and value. Most of the encouraging development results were obtained at a depth of 304.80 m, and to the east of the shaft that is immediately south of the Michipicoten Gold Mine boundary. Another indications is led to believe that this is the same vein which the Smith Shaft had been sunk on.
Development work that was done on the 14th level of the Parkhill Gold Mine had opened up new possibilities. The general opening of the 14th level had proven the extent of the ore at that horizon after it had been opened up into lean zone that was encountered below the 12th level. This new ore is described to have occurred in two new ore-shoots totalling a length of 24.38 m. As development proceeded it was strongly reported that this ore zone had apex a short distance above the 14th level. By developing this area it had indicated some of the best tonnage and would require to deepen the shaft workings in order to open up the 15th and 16th levels. On the 14th level to the west of the shaft most of production obtained had came from Stope 14-228, that’s on the first 40 feet of ore length. On that level, it was proposed that the average width of gold is 3 feet, and contains an average grade of 2.40 oz. of gold per/ton. On the 13th level, interesting values were obtained across narrow widths with high-grade sections of 4.77 oz. of gold (Au). For the most part, predictions were made that this could possibly be the beginning of ore below the 12th level where considerably high-grade ore occurred.
One of the mining officials of this mine had also reported that a 40-foot length of this ore occurs in the new vein structures. These structures are located at about 25 feet to the south or in the hanging wall of the main shearing. In this area its reported that there is an abundance of quartz within this shear, and some contain erratically high assays, which free gold has been encounter where the vein does not make ore for the time being. These indications had predicted that all of this ground is favourable to the deposition of gold bearing ore.
On 12th level, at a depth of 489.20 m, a porphyry formation had occurred to the east of the shaft. It was also believed that this had presented even more favourable ground than was anticipated for this region. Shearing in the area is also well defined and country rock is fairly well mineralized. This formation is also quite similar to that in which commercial ore was found at the Smith Mine, which lies to the east of Parkhill. None of the levels were also developed within this region above the 12th, and should encounter ore here that could be quickly developed up to the seventh level, before encountering the Smith Boundary Line. Some attention should also be paid to the No. 4 vein below the 12th level where it intersects the main east-west vein below the Eastern Ore Zone. This northwest-southeast vein had jade ore under similar conditions on the 7th and 8th levels. This vein system is also predicted that it could be rapidly developed from the 13th, and 14th levels at depths of 534.01 m and 572.11 m horizons. It was also indicated that the increasing depth had played an important roll towards an increase in the ore-body size, and value. Most of the encouraging development results were obtained at a depth of 304.80 m, and to the east of the shaft that is immediately south of the Michipicoten Gold Mine boundary. Another indications is led to believe that this is the same vein which the Smith Shaft had been sunk on.
Ward Lake Gold Mines would take over ownership during the year of 1938, and would continue prospecting the area. Ward Lake Gold Mines reported that the property comprises of numerous quartz veins with a strike of east-west or north-easterly. Its on the north part of the property where three vein occur close together which strike east-west. One of the most northern veins known as the Mickelean vein has been traced for strike length of 213.36 m. Ward Lake describes the vein as being a true fissure vein which occurs in sheared greenstone. The most western end of the vein shows a width of mineralized quartz varying from six-inches to five feet. On the east end, the veins consistent within shearing, which is approximately three-feet wide, and displays numerous quartz stringers in finely ground sericitized, rusty greenstone. A bulk sample of 4-tons was taken from this vein in 1933, and was brought to the Parkhill Gold Mine where the material would be crushed and sampled. Upon recovery/sampling it was reported that the vein had ran 0.63 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton. Another sample of approximately 1,400 pounds would also been sent to Ottawa for mill run testing, and the results gave an average assay of 1.21 oz of gold (Au) per/ton. These assays had also indicated the presence of an ore-shoot that was roughly 90 feet in length running about 0.96 oz. of gold (Au) per/ton over 11-inches in width.
Some of the other veins on the property are considered to occur at about 30 to 40 feet south of the first vein described. Both of these quartz veins are narrow. One of these veins is considered to show a width of from 1 to 2 feet, and would be traced for 200 feet. The other vein shows a true width of 6-inches which had been stripped for a length of 120 feet. This vein is also reported to show small specks of visible gold within the outcrop for a length of approximately 60 feet.
On the easterly side of claim 377, a strong vein had been stripped for a total length of 320 feet. This vein which is referred as the Mariposa, runs diagonally across the slope of a hill, and runs into a swamp on both ends. The strike of the Mariposa vein is roughly 50 d east, and dips at about 60 d to the northeast. This vein has an average width of over 3 feet, and had been channel sampled for a length of 240 feet. It was the most southern part of this vein that gave negligible results. For the time being this vein wasn’t considered to meet with gold prices to be deemed ore-grade, but was encouraging, and further testing of this vein was recommended. The upper most portion had showed the following assays that are indicated in the chart below.
Some of the other veins on the property are considered to occur at about 30 to 40 feet south of the first vein described. Both of these quartz veins are narrow. One of these veins is considered to show a width of from 1 to 2 feet, and would be traced for 200 feet. The other vein shows a true width of 6-inches which had been stripped for a length of 120 feet. This vein is also reported to show small specks of visible gold within the outcrop for a length of approximately 60 feet.
On the easterly side of claim 377, a strong vein had been stripped for a total length of 320 feet. This vein which is referred as the Mariposa, runs diagonally across the slope of a hill, and runs into a swamp on both ends. The strike of the Mariposa vein is roughly 50 d east, and dips at about 60 d to the northeast. This vein has an average width of over 3 feet, and had been channel sampled for a length of 240 feet. It was the most southern part of this vein that gave negligible results. For the time being this vein wasn’t considered to meet with gold prices to be deemed ore-grade, but was encouraging, and further testing of this vein was recommended. The upper most portion had showed the following assays that are indicated in the chart below.
Prospecting also revealed the presence of two other interesting veins on historical claim 3566. One of these veins is considered to show a width of 6-inches in well mineralized quartz veins. The other one is largely reported to be associated with shearing, and contains numerous quartz stringers, with the whole having a width of 6-feet. These two veins are generally reported to be 50-feet apart from each other, which has a north-easterly strike, and generally dips to the southeast at an angle of 60 d. It also reported that a small test pit was sunk on one of these veins.
Its also apparent that the Smith vein branches off the Parkhill main vein where it joins near the boundary line between historical Claim 3124, and Claim 301. It was also found that the easterly extension of the Smith vein was observed on historical Claim 301, and was stripped for a length of 200 feet by Michipicoten Gold Mines, Ltd. The surface exposure is also stated to resemble the same appearance and characteristics as the Parkhill ground. It generally contains a continuous series of quartz lenses that vary in length from 5 to 20 m, and in width from 4 feet of solid quartz.
Another occurrence of interest is considered to traverse Trout Creek, and is found 300 feet from the corner where Trout Creek flows in historical Claim 301. Surface work on this portion of the property had disclosed a strong shear zone that has a width of approximately 14 feet. Much of the shearing in this location contains a matrix of sericitization and carbonate in greenstone. This area is reportedly stated to contain numerous mineralized quartz stringers, and two quartz veins, that are 6- to 12-inches wide. It had also been revealed that this shear was cross trenched at intervals, and traced for a strike length of 600-feet. This work ascertains the fact that a quartz exposure, located at approximately 300 feet north of Smith Shaft, and tested by the sinking of a shallow shaft, is apart of this break. Its also the strike of the shear that tends to traverse the area in a southerly direction at an angle of 60 d east, and it dips to the northeast at an angle of 45 d.
The property in 1944, was transferred to Sandra Gold Mines, Limited, and prospecting work would be carried out on the Parkhill claims. It was within this year that the property would consist of sixteen patented mining claims. A wide distribution of gold (Au) is considered to occur in the area, and contains favorable geological conditions. This resulted in conducting a re-evaluation of the underground workings which continued to show rich ore at the bottom level. Other possibilities in locating a considerable amount of tonnage could also be found in the upper level workings. Some more areas of interest where gold can be found is to the west of a diabase dike beyond which no exploration work was carried out.
Or within the mine is also stated to offer no difficulties in concentration, and operation costs had allowed a fair margin in profit to be taken. Other favorable conditions rely on the fact that there was a lack of efficient development, and exploration, which is coupled with misinterpretation of the major geological Structure. It was believed that the mine had no chance, but would run in difficulties which ended in bankruptcy.
Geological mapping would be undertaken by Sandra Gold Mines of the surface, and underground workings. Plans would also be made towards conducting exploratory diamond drilling from underground to locate undisclosed ore-bodies, followed by some 300 feet of shaft sinking. Upon completion of this work, it was suggested that the work should show sufficient ore to warrant the installation of a mining plant and concentrator.
Reports are also made in regards to the geological setting which is described to be igneous in origin. Its also stated that the geological conditions were quite complex, and difficult to interpret. Most of the oldest rocks in the district are Keewatin volcanics which are chiefly basin flows interbedded with fragmental volcanics. These volcanics together are also considered to form within an iron formation, which are overlain by greywacke, conglomerate, and arkose. Its determined that these volcanics are intruded by porphyritic, diorite, granodiorites, granites, and lamprophyre. A theory used, indicates that a force caused by intrusions of these rocks had faulted the whole entire country into blocks, with two systems of faults. Its along these fault zones that fine gold (Au) bearing deposits are considered to occur. These largely seem to be closely associated with the older granodiorite which are sheared, and the shear structure filled with quartz. Its predicted that the deposition of quartz within the shearing is largely related to the granodiorite, and in turn had been crushed, forming what is known as sugary quartz. Much of the main vein is also stated to be a series of lenses in a break of schisted rock cut by parallel dykes of lamprophyre.
The main shear zone is reported to be largely associated with porphyry, and strike north-east-north-west and dip south east at about 40 d. Predictions that were made had been a continuous of options in determining if the ore had ran parallel to the shear zones. Almost all development is considered to be driven along these main breaks, and much of the shearing is silicified with irregular barren quartz. Studies were undertaken by Sandra Gold which were entirely focus on the structural characteristics of the mine. These studies had revealed that the formation had been subjected to transverse fracturing that lies within the known ore-bodies. On average its revealed that the ore-bodies are generally considered to have a strike of east-west with a southerly dip.
It was from this theory that Sandra Gold was able to transform the project from a losing operation to a profitable one. It was predicted that the mine to date had reasonable ore-reserves that were encountered throughout exploration work. However, other problems were encountered when the structure was lost sight of, and development work had once again followed the main shears with results of finding little ore. (Faulted). It was found on the 14th level that three ore-shoots had shown encouraging results which are provided in the chart below.
Its also apparent that the Smith vein branches off the Parkhill main vein where it joins near the boundary line between historical Claim 3124, and Claim 301. It was also found that the easterly extension of the Smith vein was observed on historical Claim 301, and was stripped for a length of 200 feet by Michipicoten Gold Mines, Ltd. The surface exposure is also stated to resemble the same appearance and characteristics as the Parkhill ground. It generally contains a continuous series of quartz lenses that vary in length from 5 to 20 m, and in width from 4 feet of solid quartz.
Another occurrence of interest is considered to traverse Trout Creek, and is found 300 feet from the corner where Trout Creek flows in historical Claim 301. Surface work on this portion of the property had disclosed a strong shear zone that has a width of approximately 14 feet. Much of the shearing in this location contains a matrix of sericitization and carbonate in greenstone. This area is reportedly stated to contain numerous mineralized quartz stringers, and two quartz veins, that are 6- to 12-inches wide. It had also been revealed that this shear was cross trenched at intervals, and traced for a strike length of 600-feet. This work ascertains the fact that a quartz exposure, located at approximately 300 feet north of Smith Shaft, and tested by the sinking of a shallow shaft, is apart of this break. Its also the strike of the shear that tends to traverse the area in a southerly direction at an angle of 60 d east, and it dips to the northeast at an angle of 45 d.
The property in 1944, was transferred to Sandra Gold Mines, Limited, and prospecting work would be carried out on the Parkhill claims. It was within this year that the property would consist of sixteen patented mining claims. A wide distribution of gold (Au) is considered to occur in the area, and contains favorable geological conditions. This resulted in conducting a re-evaluation of the underground workings which continued to show rich ore at the bottom level. Other possibilities in locating a considerable amount of tonnage could also be found in the upper level workings. Some more areas of interest where gold can be found is to the west of a diabase dike beyond which no exploration work was carried out.
Or within the mine is also stated to offer no difficulties in concentration, and operation costs had allowed a fair margin in profit to be taken. Other favorable conditions rely on the fact that there was a lack of efficient development, and exploration, which is coupled with misinterpretation of the major geological Structure. It was believed that the mine had no chance, but would run in difficulties which ended in bankruptcy.
Geological mapping would be undertaken by Sandra Gold Mines of the surface, and underground workings. Plans would also be made towards conducting exploratory diamond drilling from underground to locate undisclosed ore-bodies, followed by some 300 feet of shaft sinking. Upon completion of this work, it was suggested that the work should show sufficient ore to warrant the installation of a mining plant and concentrator.
Reports are also made in regards to the geological setting which is described to be igneous in origin. Its also stated that the geological conditions were quite complex, and difficult to interpret. Most of the oldest rocks in the district are Keewatin volcanics which are chiefly basin flows interbedded with fragmental volcanics. These volcanics together are also considered to form within an iron formation, which are overlain by greywacke, conglomerate, and arkose. Its determined that these volcanics are intruded by porphyritic, diorite, granodiorites, granites, and lamprophyre. A theory used, indicates that a force caused by intrusions of these rocks had faulted the whole entire country into blocks, with two systems of faults. Its along these fault zones that fine gold (Au) bearing deposits are considered to occur. These largely seem to be closely associated with the older granodiorite which are sheared, and the shear structure filled with quartz. Its predicted that the deposition of quartz within the shearing is largely related to the granodiorite, and in turn had been crushed, forming what is known as sugary quartz. Much of the main vein is also stated to be a series of lenses in a break of schisted rock cut by parallel dykes of lamprophyre.
The main shear zone is reported to be largely associated with porphyry, and strike north-east-north-west and dip south east at about 40 d. Predictions that were made had been a continuous of options in determining if the ore had ran parallel to the shear zones. Almost all development is considered to be driven along these main breaks, and much of the shearing is silicified with irregular barren quartz. Studies were undertaken by Sandra Gold which were entirely focus on the structural characteristics of the mine. These studies had revealed that the formation had been subjected to transverse fracturing that lies within the known ore-bodies. On average its revealed that the ore-bodies are generally considered to have a strike of east-west with a southerly dip.
It was from this theory that Sandra Gold was able to transform the project from a losing operation to a profitable one. It was predicted that the mine to date had reasonable ore-reserves that were encountered throughout exploration work. However, other problems were encountered when the structure was lost sight of, and development work had once again followed the main shears with results of finding little ore. (Faulted). It was found on the 14th level that three ore-shoots had shown encouraging results which are provided in the chart below.
Parkhill Townsite History
With the development of Parkhill came a townsite which was shortly called Parkhill that has long been forgotten. To this very day, Parkhill is inexistent, and is particularlly a ghost town settled in the deep wilderness of Wawa, Ontario, Camada. Parkhill had first started out as a town with several bunkhouses that were built by Parkhill Gold Mines in 1929. Parkhill became a prosperous town, as Wilfred Patterson and his wife had ran the first store in Parkhill. It was also stated that the two could sell beer, but they had to have their own restaurant, and hotel under regulations at the time. Parkhill had offered so much to its employees as a boarding house would become erected as the mine boomed. With a booming town, many salesmen had came into Parkhill to sell clothing, suits, and insurance. On rare occasions it was reported that a mining inspector and electrical inspector would stay in Parkhill. A second store had also operated in Parkhill for two or three years, which also had ties with the bank for cashing cheques. One of the Montreal representatives who was in charge of running the bank would charge a small fee for cashing cheques. Parkhill also had its very own Catholic Church, and a United Church was shortly after developed and place into service.
The naming for this town was taken when all three mine projects became known as Gold Park. This name had mainly evolved during a dispute that was in contrast with the location of the post office in the area. As tensions flared, it was shortly determine to place the post office at one of the Parkhill Stores. By allowing this many companies/workers had argued that other town-site such as Minto, and Darwin should also have a post office to bare their names.
Other changes would be made in 1936, when Parkhill would convert one of its bunkhouses into a school-house. As development progress it was shortly after determined that much of the children from Darwin would attend school at Parkhill. One of the very first teachers to have taught at Parkhill was known as Florence Melville. With the new school spring up, it was reported that nearly thirty students had attended the school at Parkhill. The school was generally described as a one-room school-house with a woodstove, and only one teacher managing thirty students in different grades.
Other situations would reside when a muder of a fellow miner had occurred which change Parkhill. It was by that time when an Ontario Provincial Police Officer had stationed himself in Parkhill to maintain the law in this town. Most of the area for the time being was access by the use of a dog sled for transportation into this wilderness setting town. Other reports had also stated that the Ontario Provincial Police had their own jurisdiction which covered areas of White River, Hawk Junction, and Dalton.
With the development of Parkhill came a townsite which was shortly called Parkhill that has long been forgotten. To this very day, Parkhill is inexistent, and is particularlly a ghost town settled in the deep wilderness of Wawa, Ontario, Camada. Parkhill had first started out as a town with several bunkhouses that were built by Parkhill Gold Mines in 1929. Parkhill became a prosperous town, as Wilfred Patterson and his wife had ran the first store in Parkhill. It was also stated that the two could sell beer, but they had to have their own restaurant, and hotel under regulations at the time. Parkhill had offered so much to its employees as a boarding house would become erected as the mine boomed. With a booming town, many salesmen had came into Parkhill to sell clothing, suits, and insurance. On rare occasions it was reported that a mining inspector and electrical inspector would stay in Parkhill. A second store had also operated in Parkhill for two or three years, which also had ties with the bank for cashing cheques. One of the Montreal representatives who was in charge of running the bank would charge a small fee for cashing cheques. Parkhill also had its very own Catholic Church, and a United Church was shortly after developed and place into service.
The naming for this town was taken when all three mine projects became known as Gold Park. This name had mainly evolved during a dispute that was in contrast with the location of the post office in the area. As tensions flared, it was shortly determine to place the post office at one of the Parkhill Stores. By allowing this many companies/workers had argued that other town-site such as Minto, and Darwin should also have a post office to bare their names.
Other changes would be made in 1936, when Parkhill would convert one of its bunkhouses into a school-house. As development progress it was shortly after determined that much of the children from Darwin would attend school at Parkhill. One of the very first teachers to have taught at Parkhill was known as Florence Melville. With the new school spring up, it was reported that nearly thirty students had attended the school at Parkhill. The school was generally described as a one-room school-house with a woodstove, and only one teacher managing thirty students in different grades.
Other situations would reside when a muder of a fellow miner had occurred which change Parkhill. It was by that time when an Ontario Provincial Police Officer had stationed himself in Parkhill to maintain the law in this town. Most of the area for the time being was access by the use of a dog sled for transportation into this wilderness setting town. Other reports had also stated that the Ontario Provincial Police had their own jurisdiction which covered areas of White River, Hawk Junction, and Dalton.